Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Article Title: hucMSC-derived exosomes targeting macrophage polarization attenuate systemic inflammation in T1DM via INS/SOD1 delivery
doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04521-0
Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-inflammatory protein components in hucMSC-EXOs. ( A-F ) qPCR was performed to compare the effects of heat-inactivated hucMSC-EXOs and untreated hucMSC-EXOs on the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. ( G ) Topological analysis of hucMSC-EXOs proteins (top 200 by IBAQ value) via the STRING database, identifying the top 40 hub proteins ranked by interaction degree. Their degrees of interaction are visualized as a concentric circle plot. ( H-K ) ELISA was used to detect the INS ( H-I ) content and SOD1 ( J-K ) content of the hucMSCs culture supernatant and hucMSC-EXOs. (L‒O) qPCR analysis the effects of EXO alone, EXO combined with S961, and EXO combined with ATN-224 on the expression of inflammatory factors in macrophages. ( P ) WB experiment analysis the influence of EXO alone, EXO combined with S961, and EXO combined with ATN-224 treatment on PI3K/AKT and P65 phosphorylation in macrophages. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 ; *** P < 0.001
Article Snippet: THP-1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages with 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; HY-18739, MCE, US) for 24 h, and then divided into six experimental groups: PMA control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 ng/mL; L2880, Sigma, US), LPS + 5 nM INS (GC2646, Genxion, China), LPS + 1 μg SOD1 (HY-P71048A, MCE, US), LPS + hucMSC-EXOs (8.5 × 10^5 particles), LPS + heat-inactivated hucMSC-EXOs (8.5 × 10^5 particles), LPS + hucMSC-EXOs + 5 nM INS receptor antagonist S961 (HY-P2093B, MCE, US), and LPS + hucMSC-EXOs + 20 nM SOD1 inhibitor ATN-224 (HY-16074, MCE, US).
Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Phospho-proteomics